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Mobilizing Pity: Iranian Women on the Long Road to Azadi Stadium by CMES Nazanin Shahrokni and Spyros Sofos

"We must historicize the interaction between women and the state regarding the ban, as well as the broader societal and cultural barriers, intrastate divides and international dynamics that have contributed to the longevity of the exclusion of women from sports spectatorship over the long forty years that Iranian women have been left out in the cold. Without underestimating the symbolic role of Sahar’s death, any sustainable and meaningful advance in the struggle of women’s rights cannot be premised on the radiance of accidental or unwitting heroines, or on the benevolence of international patrons. We must root current struggles in a genealogy of resistance, an invaluable history of successes–and of precautionary failures."

Mobilizing Pity: Iranian Women on the Long Road to Azadi Stadium
Mobilizing Pity: Iranian Women on the Long Road to Azadi Stadium

"On 9 September 2019, Sahar Khodayari (later nicknamed the Blue Girl in a nod to the colors of her favorite soccer team) was unexpectedly hurled into the limelight. Sahar died in a hospital after setting herself on fire outside a courthouse in Tehran. For activists opposing Iran’s infamous ban on women entering soccer stadiums, on the grounds that it is religiously unacceptable and renders them vulnerable to physical and verbal abuse, she was a victim of state policy. Six months prior, in March 2019, Sahar, dressed as a man, had attempted to enter Azadi Stadium to watch a match of Asian Football Confederation Champions League between the United Arab Emirates team al-Ain and her favorite Iranian team Esteghlal (meaning independence) at Azadi (meaning freedom). She was (reportedly) identified, detained, and subsequently released—but was told she had to appear in court at a later date. No one knows what precisely transpired between her initial detention in March and her death in September. In fact, there was no media attention until after a picture of her charred body went viral. What brought her to the courthouse that Monday in September is not clear either."

(Women in Attendance at Iran's World Cup Qualifying Match against Cambodia in Azadi Stadium. Image from MOJ News Agency via Wikimedia Commons.)

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