Global warming is one of the most important environmental issues from the last few decades and is causing climate change due to carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and other greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Therefore, examination of atmospheric CO₂ concentration (XCO₂) variations on the local and global scale is critical. The purpose of this research was to analyze the role of environmental variables in the seasonal distribution of XCO₂ from 2015 to 2021 across Iran. Initially, by using XCO₂ data acquired from the OCO-2 satellite, yearly and seasonal Spatio-temporal XCO₂ distribution maps were developed. Subsequently, to understand the role of environmental variables on the Spatio-temporal variations of XCO₂, the correlation of XCO₂ with vegetation cover, precipitation and temperature were examined in different seasons. The annual increase of XCO₂ can be observed, the concentrations in each year in all the areas were higher than those in the previous year. There was a different pattern of the spatial distribution of XCO₂ in different seasons. In the growing seasons (spring and summer), the critical role of environmental variables in the north and west of Iran caused reaching XCO₂ to the minimum amount. While in the cold seasons (autumn and winter) due to the decrease of vegetation cover, the XCO₂ did not decrease in these areas. Furthermore, finding the correlation of XCO₂ with environmental variables revealed that XCO₂ had a significant correlation with these variables in the growing seasons. These correlations showed that the region with low vegetation coverage and precipitation and high temperature, which is situated in the south and east of Iran had the maximum amount of XCO₂. Our results suggested the potential of satellite data for producing Spatio-temporal distribution maps that will help us to a better understanding of the carbon cycle at a regional scale.

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